DOMAINS AND KINGDOMS (pgs 48-49)

Organisms are placed into domains and kingdoms based on their cell type, their ability to make food and the number of cells in their bodies.

DOMAINS

· BACTERIA: Are prokaryotes are organisms whose cells lack a nucleus, are autotrophs.

Nucleus is a dense area in a cell that contains nucleic acids.

· ARCHAEA: Can be found in the most extreme environments on earth.

Are unicellular prokaryontes, some are autotrophs.

Their structure and chemical make up, is different from that of bacteria.

· Eukarya: Eukaryontes organisms with cells that contain nuclei

Scientists classify organisms in the domain Eukarya into four kingdoms.

1. PROTIST: Organisms can not be classified as animal, plant or fungus

Autotrophs and heterotrophs, or unicellular and multicellular.

2. FUNGI: mushrooms, molds and mildew are all fungi. Most fungi are multicellular, eukaryontes and heterotrophs.

3. PLANTS: Are multicellular eukaryontes and autotrophs. They provide food for most of heterothophs. This kingdom includes a great variety of organisms like flowers, trees, mosses…

4. ANIMALS: All are multicellular eukaryontes and heterothops. They have different adaptations that allow them to locate food, capture it, eat it, and digest it.

Why do scientists classify (p. 43-47)

Biologists group organisms based on similarities.

Classification is the process of grouping things based on their similarities. Biologists use classification to organize living things into groups so that the organisms are easier to study.

The taxonomy is the study of how living things are classified.

The naming system of Linnaeus: 1750´s the Swedish naturalist Carolus Linnaeus devised a system of naming organisms. This naming system is called binomial nomenclature, binomial means “two names” the first word in an organisms its genus.

A genus is a classification grouping that contains similar closely related organisms.

The second word in a scientific name often describes a distinctive feature of an organism, such its appearance as where it lives. Together, the two words indicated a unique species.

Species is a group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce offsprings that can also mate and reproduce.

HOMEWORK:

What is the correct form to use the nominal nomenclature?

Read Pgs. 42-49.

Copy the figure 11 in page 47.

Biologists today classify organisms into eight levels. The more classification levels that two organisms share, the more characteristics they have in common.

The eight classification levels

· A domain is the highest level of organization

· Within a domain, there are kingdoms

· Within kingdoms there are phyla

· Within phyla are classes

· Within classes are orders

· Within orders are families

· Each family contains one or more genera

· Each genus contains one or more species.

Life comes from life. (p.36-40)

Living things arise from living things through repoduction. In the past people believed that life could appear from nonliving material for a example they thought that flies could arise from rotting meat. The mistaken idea that living things can arise from nonliving sources is called spontaneous generation.

Redi´s experiment: in the 1600s, an Italian doctor named Francesco Redi controlled experiment to disprove spontaneous generation.

Redi´s experiment designed one of the first controlled experiments. Explain and draw step by step what is the experiment, and what is the manipulated variable in this experiment?

Pasteur´s experiments: even after Redi´s work in the mid-1800s, the french chemist Lous Pasteur designed some controlled experiments that demonstrated that new bacteria appeared in broth only when they reduced by existing bacteria.

Pasteur´s experiments were carefully controlled experiments that demonstrated that bacteria arise only from existing bacteria. Explain and draw step by step what is the experiment, and what is the manipulated variable in this experiment?

The needs of living things.

This environment meets the needs of the many living things. All living things must satisfy their basic needs for water, food, living space and stable internal conditions.

Water: all living things need water to survive.

Food: recall that organisms need a source of energy to live. The organisms that make their own food are called autothophs. The organisms that cannot make their own food are called heterotrophs.

Living space: is the place were the a organism lives.

Stable internal conditions. Organisms must be able to keep the conditions inside their bodies stable, the maintenance of stable internal conditions is called homeostasis.

Homeostasis keeps internal conditions just right for cells to function.

What is life? (p.23-26)

The organism is a living thing.

The caracteristics of living things.

All living things have a cellular organization, contain similar chemicals, use energy, respond to their surroundingds, grow and develop and reproduce.

Cellular organization: All organisms are made of small building blocks called cell. A cell is the basic unit of structure and function in an organism.

Organisms may be composed of only one cell or of many cells. Unicellular or single-called organisms, include bacteria. Multicellular organisms are composed of many cells that are specialized to do certain tasks.

All living things are composed of chemicals, water, carbohydrates, proteins and lipids, nucleic acids or genetic material.

Energy use: the cells of organisms use energy to do what living things must do, such as reparing injured parts.

Response to surrounding: is the act that causes the organism to react to surroundings, that causes the organism to react is called a stimulus. Stimuli include changes in temperature, light, sound and other factors. An organism reacts to a stimulus with a response, an action or change in behavior.

Growth and development: grownth is the process of change thet occurs during an organism´s life to produce a more comlex organism.

Reproduction: is the ability to reproduce or produce offspring .

Activity: look at one of your eyes in a mirror, cover one eye with your hand for a minute. While looking in the mirror, remove your hand. Observe how the size of your pupil changes. Draw and describe in your notebook the reaction.

Safety in the Science Laboratory

Safety in the Science Laboratory

Safety during investigations

It is important that you take to be safe during any scientific investigation:

1. You have to have a good preparation, this help you stay safe during a science activities

2. Preparing for a lab should begin the day before you will perform the lab. It is important to read the procedure carefully and make sure you understand all the directions. Also review the material and equipment you will use. Whenever you perform a science lab, always follow your teacher’s instructions. You should never try anything on your own without asking your teacher first. Keep your work area clean and organized.

The safety symbols alert you to possible dangers that are performing the lab.

Biohazard Warning Organic Peroxide Hot surface Poisonous

End-of-lab procedures: When you have finished lab, clean your area, turn off and unplug equipment.

In case of an accident: When any accident occurs, no matter how minor, notify your teacher INMEDEATLY, then listen to your teacher’s directions and carry them out quickly.

Safety and First-aid Procedures

1. Burns: Immense burns in cold water

2. Cuts: cover cuts with clean dressing

3. Spills on Skin: flush the skin with large amounts of water.

4. Foreign object in eye: flush the eye with large amounts of water. Seek medical attention.

BY JAVIER DE ALBA PEREZ

M1207

Understanding technology (pgs.19-22)

Understanding technology


1-.What is the goal of technology?

A- is to improve the way people live


2-.What is a prothesis?

A-. its to tranfer the bad part of the body to one that if function


3-.How does technologydiffer from science'

A-science study of the natural world to understan how it fuctions
technology changes or modifies, the natural world to meet human needs or to solve problems


4-.HOW DOES TECHNOLOGY DIFFER FROM SOCIETY?
A-.a technology can have both positive and negative consequences for individual people and for society as a whole

*technology is how people change the world around them to meet their needs ands solve practical problems*


5-. Decide wether an object was an example of technology and explain

A-. EXAMPLE:

CONTACT LENSES: HELP PEOPLE FROM SEA BETTER

medical thermometer: MAKES IT EASER TO DETERMINE WETHER YOU SICK

FARM MACHINERY: TO MAKE EASIER THE FARMERS WORK

ENDOSCOPES: ARE TINY MEDICAL INSTRUMENTS THAT ALLOW DOCTORS VIEWWITH THE HUMAN BODY

OPTICAL FIBERS : TO LEARN MORE ABOUT HOW THE HEART FUNCTIONS



*COMPARING TECHNOLOGY AND SCIENCE: SCIENCE IS THE STUDY OF THE NATURAL WORLD TO UNDERSTAND HOW IT FUNCTIONS. TECHNOLOGY ON THE OTHER HAND CHANGES OR MODIFIES THE NATURAL WORLD TO MEET HUMAN NEEDS SOLVE PROBLEMS.


6-. TO UNDERSTAND THIS DIFFERENCE COMPARE THE WAYS IN WHICH A BIOLOGIST AND AN ENGINEER.

AN ENGINEER IS A PERSON WHO IS TRAINED TO USE BOTH TECHNOLOGICAL AN SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGETO SOLVE PRACTICAL PROBLEMS


A BIOLOGIST IS A PERSON WHO STUDY THE NATURAL WORLD, INVESTIGATE THE STRUCTURE OF INSECTS BODIES AND HOW INSECTS OBTAIN OXYGEN



7-. ADVANCES IN SCIENCE CONTRIBUTE TO ADVANCES IN TECHNOLOGY IMPACT ON SOCIETY REFERS TO ANY GROUP OF PEOPLE WHO LIVE TOGETHER IN AN AREA AND HAVE CERTAIN THINGS IN COMMON TECHNOLOGY CAN HAVE BOTH POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES FOR INDIVIDUAL PEOPLE AND FOR SOCIETY AS A WHOLE. TECHNOLOGY DOES NOT PROVIDE PERFECT SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEMS
IT HELPS SOLVE.



8-. LIST THE POSITIVE CONSEQUENCES OF USING PESTICIDES. THEN LIST THE NEGATIVE CONSEQUENCES


POSITIVE NEGATIVE


POSITIVETHE PESTICIDES HELPTO THE PASTICIDES MAKE FEEL SICK IT.
KILL THE NOSIVE INSECTS

HELP TO GROW THE PLANTS MAKE THAT THE INSECTS DIE.

BY CINTHYA A. RIVAS PARTIDA

M1123

Ciencias de la salud I. GUIA para primer examen parcial

Ciencias de la salud I. GUIA para primer examen parcial

Aprendete el GLOSARIO
Define: Ciencia , Método científico, Interdisciplinariedad, Ciencias naturales,Medicina preventiva , Salud
Nombra algunas ciencias relacionadas a las ciencias dela salud.
Estudia la historia del concepto de salud y enfermedad en las distintas épocas: a) Egipto b)Grecia y Roma c)Medicina Precolombina d) Edad media e) Edad contemporánea f)Edad moderna
Estudia el concepto de salud y enfermedad a través de los modelos multicausal y unicausal
Definición de Salud OMS y Enfermedad
Es el desarrollo que se sigue a través del tiempo, tanto origen, evolución hasta llegar a sus consecuencias:
Estudia el proceso de enfermedad en dos etapas: prepatogénico y patogénico.
Definición de Triada ecológica, Agente causal, Virulencia, Poder antígeno, Patogenisidad, Husped, Virulencia, Ecosistema, Factores del medio ambiente, Ecosistema, Agentes biológicos
Estudia los siguientes agente causales: a) Agentes biológicos b) Agentes Físicos c) Agentes Químicos d)Deficiencia alimenticia
Estudia los tipos de familia: a) Rígida tradicional b)Rígida en transición c)Igualitaria d)Laxa
Periodo de la historia natural de la enfermedad es el periodo previo a la recupera la salud:
Es la limitación de algunas actividades físicas:
Muchas de las veces es el resultado final de la historia natural de la enfermedad:
Estudia los diferentes nombres de las vacunas que incluye la cartilla nacional de vacunación.